what were the outcomes of the second punic war

Rome had a far superior navy, but Carthage had the best commander in Hannibal. So the Second Punic War, largest conflict on antiquity, is mainly known by epic battles like Cannae or Zama and great leaders – Hannibal Barca and Scipio Africanus. The expedition was not without cost. Carthaginian War Elephantsby The Creative Assembly (Copyright). Scipio then made allies of two Numidian princes, Syphax and Masinissa, in preparation for his plan to take the war to Africa. Realising they were up against one of history’s greatest commanders, Rome changed tactics and adopted a policy of avoiding Hannibal in direct battle, instead fighting only his allies. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. 1. Sawed Salt in the soil, no nothing would would ever grow there again ... What's the effects of LATIFUNDIA. Carthage made overtures for peace in 203 BCE, perhaps only to allow Hannibal time to come back home as indicated by their treatment of a Roman transport fleet blown off course in 202 BCE. Macedon too was brought into the war. Saguntum was retaken but both Roman commanders, P. Cornelius Scipio and Gn. The Carthaginian general was faced with the problem that he simply did not have the manpower to keep control of all his newly acquired territory. It began in 218 B.C., and continued through 201 B.C. Nevertheless, Carthage recovered from the Second Punic War relatively quickly and coins and trade goods from this period have be…   Terms. Battle of Lilybaeum – A Roman fleet of 20 quinqueremes defeated a Carthaginian fleet of 35 galleys. Hannibal once again released Italian prisoners but dealt harshly with Roman captives to emphasise he was at war with only the latter and local communities were welcome to join him. Meanwhile, the war was widening. Roman Beach Attackby The Creative Assembly (Copyright). When Scipio attacked Utica, the city proved more resilient than expected, and Carthage, meanwhile, assembled an army under Gisgo, son of Hasdrubal. Scipio preferred to focus on Spain and won another victory, again against a more numerous opponent, at Ilipa in 206 BCE. Barca with his intelligent mind created traps for the Romans and defeated them on many occasions. In the Shadow of the Furies: A Novel of the Second Punic War, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Without a significant fleet and having lost their strategically important fortresses in Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, the Carthaginians had to look elsewhere for a source of money to fund their armies. Hannibal had defeated several large Roman armies, but Rome itself, as in the First Punic War, seemed immune to the losses. Carthage sent an army of 23,000 to the island in 213 BCE but could not prevent the city falling into the hands of Marcus Claudius Marcellus, a veteran of the First Punic War, in 212 BCE. Hannibal expected Rome to attack his position in Spain and, indeed, a Roman army was sent there with 60 quinqueremes under the command of P. Cornelius Scipio while another one sailed for Sicily. But what were the results of the wars? They were then herded back in the direction of the Carthaginians to cause havoc there. The Second Punic war “was the greatest and most dangerous one Rome was compelled to fight on their way to the conquest of the Mediterranean. Ancient History Encyclopedia. The Socii Before the Second Punic War slaves were employed on a relatively small scale. Accordingly, Hannibal left Hasdrubal Barca (son of Hamilcar Barca) in charge of things in Spain and audaciously crossed the Alps in 15 days. Cornelius Scipio Calvus were killed and their armies seriously defeated in the Tader valley in 211 BCE. Rome then could establish firm control over the island by 210 BCE. Mark is a history writer based in Italy.   Privacy In October 202 BCE, the armies of Hannibal and Scipio met on a plain in western Tunisia near Naraggara. The outcome of the First Punic War was a resounding victory to Rome and the Carthage leadership signing a peace treaty advising as such. Rome might have feared a land battle but they were still masters of the seas, and this meant that Hannibal could not be resupplied. Two strategic mistakes which would be regretted by the Carthaginians. Syphax would later defect to the Carthaginians, and the Roman Senate was initially against an invasion, but eventually Scipio got his backing and was ready to strike at the soft underbelly of the Carthaginian held territories in Africa, just as Hannibal was doing in southern Italy. In 212-211 BCE, when Capua was besieged by six Roman legions, Hannibal tried to make them withdraw by feigning a march on Rome, but the ruse failed. Still, a lot was happening in the Carthage backyard, i.e. Click card to see definition 👆 The Roman fleets and legions achieved victory over the Carthaginians in 241 B.C., adding western Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica to the growing Roman Empire Click again to see term 👆 … Under Philip V, the Macedonians proved no match for the Roman general Marcus Valerius Laevinus, and Macedon was forced out of the Adriatic and into a war with the Aetolian Confederacy in north-west Greece. The Punic Wars were arguably the most significant armed struggle in all of antiquity. Carthage declined and Rome declared war in March 218 BCE. Web. "Second Punic War." Hannibal’s mix of Italian veterans and new recruits numbered some 45,000 men and included 2,000 Numidian cavalry from their ally Tychaeus. He had lost his power over Mediterranean Sea; losing Sicily and the compensation imposed on him by Rome greatly affected his economy. The Start of the First Punic War. Then in 221 BCE a new face arrived on the scene: Hannibal, eldest son of Hamilcar Barca. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Hannibal’s father had made his son swear never to be a friend of Rome, and with this solid platform of wealth and arms, he did not disappoint for the commander, still only 26, would become Rome’s greatest ever foe. Their city had suffered too much in the war and in its aftermath during the ‘Mercenary War’ and there was a strong pro-peace party in the city. The Romans insisted on Carthage giving up its entire fleet (except a paltry 10 ships), all elephants, and all Roman prisoners. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Second_Punic_War/. Outcomes from the Second Punic War The second Púnic war (herein after referred to as, “the War”) came to a close in 201 BCE, following Scípio’s victory over Hánnibal at the battle of Záma. You get a 10 score! After a period of hesitant peace negotiations, which may only have been offered for Scipio to gain intelligence on the enemy positions, the Roman general divided his force in two and attacked the camps of Syphax and Gisgo at night. Rise and Fall of Hannibal. Campaigns of the Second Punic Warby YassineMrabet (GNU FDL). Cartwright, Mark. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Cite This Work Before leaving Spain, however, Hannibal was well aware that Roman forces intended for him would try to meet him there. The Second Punic War was fought between Rome, Carthage, and their mutual allies. The Iberians now gave up the Carthaginian cause and Rome had access to the enemy’s silver mines to boost its war effort. Then, in 204 BCE, with a force of around 30,000 men and 440 ships, he crossed to North Africa in three days. Further, Carthage could not make war without Rome’s permission, had to recognise the territories of the new Numidian king Masinissa, and pay in reparations to Rome the huge sum of 10,000 talents over the next half century. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. After seventeen years of war with great loss of lives from both sides, Carthage was defeated by Rome view the full answer Fabius knew that, as at Cannae, Hannibal might win direct confrontations, but he could be worn down by blocking his supplies by sea and entrapping him in Italy. Battle of Mylae. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. Disclaimer Regarding Use of Course Material. His cleverness and tact were appreciated even by the opposing Romans. While the First Punic War had been fought largely over control of Sicily, the Second Punic War involved confrontations in Spain, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and North Africa. Rome was reeling but Hannibal was on his own, and he fatefully decided not to attack Rome itself. List of battles of the Second Punic War. The Second Punic War After their defeat in the first Punic War, Carthage regrouped and poised for another attack. Carthaginian territory was then turned into the province of Africa by the Roman. Rather, his campaigns in Italy sought to compel Rome to recognise Carthage’s claim on its empire. It would be a lesson well-learned and repeated again and again by the Roman army, now well-practised at fighting in multiple theatres simultaneously. The expected break-up of Rome’s hegemony and a mass Gaul uprising did not happen. One major result is that Carthage lost plain and simple. This was the so-called ‘Fabian policy’ after Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, the dictator of 217 BCE, who earned the nickname ‘Cunctator’ (Delayer). The Second Punic War was lost and Hannibal sued for peace terms. By now Carthage controlled half of the Iberian Peninsula. The raids were hugely successful and devastated the enemy. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 29 May 2016 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The answer was Spain. Hannibal desperately tried to conquer a port city, notably Neapolis (Naples) and Tarentum (Taranto), but all attempts failed, as did repeated attacks on Nola. The Roman and Numidian cavalry then hit Hannibal’s forces in the rear, and victory was theirs. The Second Punic War was underway. The Mercenary War & The Second Punic War . There followed another quick victory against a 4,000-strong Carthaginian cavalry force. Soon Rome had the largest fleet in the Mediterranean. which was for 23 years. Rome, with its greatest enemy crushed, was now, and would remain for centuries, the unchallenged master of the Mediterranean. this was the beginning of a real 'empire'. Hannibal’s troops fought well, especially the veterans placed in the rear line of three, but the 80 Carthaginian war elephants were easily dealt with by Scipio, who had placed his legionaries so as to create channels which allowed the animals to pass through when they charged. Short and informative. 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