health inequalities uk

For most indicators, it was not possible to analyse trends in inequality by ethnic group. Where this was possible, the picture was mixed. ‘This is my passion’: Health inequalities must be better tackled in UK, says Labour’s Jonathan Ashworth. The concept of health inequalities was not been a priority for the UK government in the 1980s and early 1990s. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Compared with the average in England, a higher proportion of those in Asian and Black ethnic groups do not eat the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables and have a higher rate of inactivity. Furthermore, the infant mortality rate is highest in the most deprived areas and lowest in the least deprived areas (figure 4). For female life expectancy, there has been a small widening of the gap between the most and least deprived areas. (The document will be available following the webinar on the Equality and Health Inequalities Network on the FutureNHS Collaboration platform https://future.nhs.uk/EHIME) The event will also seek attendees’ views on the support package for Boards, currently being developed in partnership with the NHS Race Health Observatory. We’ll send you a link to a feedback form. We use this information to make the website work as well as possible and improve government services. These are covered in the report, but we’ve placed a special focus on inequalities between ethnic groups and see major differences in health behaviours and outcomes between them. Health inequalities go against the principles of social justice because they are avoidable. The report is accompanied by downloadable data tables which contain all figures including district electoral areas (DEA) as well as urban and rural breakdowns. As a consequence, there is a persistent ‘north-south’ divide in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Black people were most likely to be diagnosed with Covid-19, and people from a … The United Kingdom is a country of high-salary where overall health is very good and prosperity is also high, and all these have been achieved without any inequalities on health and UK can be an example for other parts of the world who are thinking to implement the same measures for the betterment of health condition in their country. To understand the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 on the UK’s ethnic minority communities, we must look beyond Covid-19 to longstanding health inequalities and their causes. https://www.health-ni.gov.uk/articles/health-inequalities-statistics. We use this information to make the website work as well as possible and improve government services. Regional and sub-regional analysis of health inequalities in NI across a range of public health indicators. Legislation.gov.uk. Note: Due to rounding, numbers may not add to 100%. Focus on Ethnicity (2017). These are the key measures selected by PHE to monitor progress in narrowing inequalities within England. The reasons for widening health inequalities may be complex, but one contributing factor is the huge growth in economic inequality in the UK over the past 30 years. You’ve accepted all cookies. It takes account of inequalities across the whole range of deprivation within England and summarises this into a single number. Equality Act 2010 (2015). 11 Nov 2020. COVID -19 has led to an increase in inequalities across England. The United Kingdom’s long tradition of research on health inequalities. Some groups of people have far poorer mental health than others, often reflecting social disadvantage. The Marmot Review Team (2010). ↩ ↩2, Inequality is measured by the Slope Index of Inequality. The Centre for Health Inequalities Research aims to contribute to greater health equity for communities locally, nationally and internationally by producing high quality applied research to inform action to reduce avoidable upstream social and economic inequalities that drive health inequalities. It brings together equality and health inequalities resources and provides … Inequalities in health are largely due to inequalities in society, meaning the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. Reducing inequalities should allow everyone to have the same opportunities to lead a healthy life. Figure 5 shows the geographical distribution of England’s local authorities according to their level of deprivation. This indicates the gap in health outcomes. Accessed: 8 January 2017. ↩. Between the most and least deprived tenths of England, the absolute difference in life expectancy is 9 years for males and 7 years for females (figure 1, 2). Males and females living in the most deprived areas can also expect to spend nearly 20 fewer years in good health compared with those in the least deprived areas: they spend nearly a third of their lives in poor health, compared with only about a sixth for those in the least deprived areas. We use cookies to collect information about how you use GOV.UK. For example, men in the least deprived areas of Scotland live nearly 24 more years in ‘good health’ than those in the most deprived areas. Health inequities are unfair and could be reduced by the right mix of government policies. Longstanding Inequality. In many cases, those same groups of people have less access to effective and relevant support for their mental health. They are socially determined by circumstances largely beyond an individual’s control. You can change your cookie settings at any time. NHS England and Public Health England have developed these pages to make it easier for organisations and the public to find information, resources and action being taken to reduce health inequalities in England. The measure assumes a linear relationship between the indicator and deprivation. ↩ ↩2, Smith K, Foster J. Tackling health inequalities is a key ambition of the CCG. Time for action on health inequalities. Health inequalities - The right to health. This section presents. Of all live births at full term, a higher percentage are born at a low birth weight in the 3 most deprived decile groups than on average in England (figure 3). For example, in more deprived areas, the prevalence of inactivity and the prevalence of smoking are both highest, while the proportion of people eating the recommended 5-a-day of fruits and vegetables is lowest (figure 9). Existing inequalities have made mental health of BAME groups worse during pandemic, says Mind . This chapter provides an overview of inequality in health in England, concentrating primarily on deprivation. Smith K, Foster J. You’ve accepted all cookies. Source: Department for Communities and Local Government, 2015. Inequalities exist across a range of dimensions, such as socio-economic deprivation and personal characteristics like age and sex. The gap in life expectancy between the most and least deprived areas in England can be broken down by the broad causes of death that contribute to the years of difference (figure 8). Inequalities by other socioeconomic characteristics are explored in more depth in the report Public Health Outcomes Framework: health equity report, focus on ethnicity which presents analysis and commentary on inequalities for 18 indicators from the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF). This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. Almost half of the gap in life expectancy between the most and least deprived areas in England is due to excess deaths from heart disease, stroke, and cancer in the most deprived areas. For example, inequality in low birth weight by ethnic group has narrowed, but there has been little change in inequality between ethnic groups in infant mortality. It is a measure of the social gradient in an indicator and shows how much the indicator varies with deprivation. Public Health England’s 2020–25 strategyidentifies smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity and high alcohol consumption as the four principal behavioural risks to people’s health in England today. Read this blog to … Health inequalities are avoidable and unfair differences in health status between groups of people or communities. Mental Health Inequalities: Factsheet Mental health inequalities: factsheet. Healthy life expectancy also varies between areas, reflecting both the level of deprivation and geographical location. These health inequalities, differences in health between people or groups of people that may be considered unfair, reflect historic and present-day social inequalities in our population. For premature cardiovascular disease mortality, considerable inequality by deprivation remains, with mortality rates in the most deprived areas almost 3.5 times higher than those in the least deprived in 2012 to 2014 (figure 12). This annual publication presents a comprehensive analysis of health inequality gaps between the most and least deprived areas of NI, and within health and social care (HSC) trust and local government district (LGD) areas. With thanks to the contributors: Gemma Ashwell, Lucy Chiddick, Gilles De Wildt, Katy Hetherington, Patrick Hutt, Catriona Morton, Anne Mullin, Rachel Steen, Andrea … In addition, for males living in the lowest 5 deprivation decile groups, and females living in the lowest 4 groups (more deprived), their healthy life expectancy falls below the age of 65 years, the current state pension age for men (figure 1, 2). Place-Based Approaches for Reducing Health Inequalities is a new set of resources that aims to reinforce a common understanding of the complex causes of costs of health inequalities, and provide a practical framework and tools for places to reduce health inequalities. Our work; ... 2011 marked a turning point in long-term mortality trends in the UK, with improvements tailing off after decades of steady decline. You can change your cookie settings at any time. To help us improve GOV.UK, we’d like to know more about your visit today. Focus on Ethnicity. It is the unequal distribution of the social determinants of health, such as education, housing and employment, which drives inequalities in physical and mental health, although t… These are also the causes that make up a large proportion of the burden of premature death in England overall. The level of inequality or ‘gap’ is 7 years for life expectancy and 20 years for healthy life expectancy, from the most deprived tenth of areas (decile group 1), up to and including decile group 4, healthy life expectancy was lower than 65 years, in the 3 most deprived decile groups, significantly more babies born at term had a low birthweight than the England average (2.8%), in the most deprived decile group there was a significantly higher infant mortality rate than the England average, in the 4 least deprived decile groups there was a significantly lower infant mortality rate than the England average, by mapping the level of deprivation for local authorities using, the local authorities that fall within the most deprived quintile are concentrated in the north of England, the Midlands and London, the local authority districts in the least deprived quintile are concentrated in the south of England, male life expectancy was highest in the southern regions of England and lowest in the northern regions, the South East had the highest life expectancy (80.5 years) while the North East had the lowest life expectancy (77.9 years), there was a similar north-south divide in male healthy life expectancy with the lowest healthy life expectancies being in the north of England and the highest in the south, the highest healthy life expectancy was in the South East (66.0 years) and the lowest was in the North East (59.6 years), female life expectancy was highest in the southern regions of England and lowest in the northern regions, London had the highest life expectancy (84.1 years) while the North East had the lowest life expectancy (81.6 years), there was a similar north-south divide in female healthy life expectancy with the lowest healthy life expectancies being in the north of England and the highest in the south, the highest healthy life expectancy was in the South East (66.7 years) and the lowest was in the North East (60.1 years), in both males and females, circulatory (heart disease and stroke), cancer and respiratory causes of death are the top 3 contributors to the difference in life expectancy between the most and least deprived quintiles, circulatory disease deaths account for 24% of the difference in life expectancy in females and 27% in males between the most and least deprived quintiles, cancer deaths contribute to 24% of this gap in females and 22% in males, respiratory causes of death contribute 20% to the gap in females and 15% to the gap in males, digestive, external, mental and behavioural, deaths in those under 28 days, and deaths due to other causes also contribute to the gap in life expectancy, excess weight in adults (aged 16 or over), 2013 to 2015, physically inactive adults (aged 16 or over), 2015, eating fewer than 5 portions of fruits and vegetables a day (aged 16 and over), 2015, smoking prevalence in adults (aged 18 or over), 2015, for all 4 risk factors, the lowest prevalence was in the least deprived decile group and, with the exception of excess weight, the highest prevalence was in the most deprived, smoking prevalence was higher than the England average (16.9%) for the most deprived 40% of areas and lower than the England average in all other decile groups, the prevalence of eating less than the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables was higher than the England average (47.7%) and the prevalence of inactivity was higher than the England average (28.7%) in the most deprived 30% of areas, and similar or lower for all other decile groups, the prevalence of excess weight by deprivation across all deciles was similar to the England average (64.8%), with no clear relationship to deprivation, however, the lowest prevalence was in the least deprived 10% of areas, eating fewer than 5 portions of fruits and vegetables a day (aged 16 or over), 2015, more men carried excess weight (68.4%) compared to women (61.1%), more women were inactive (32.2%) than men (25.0%), more men (52.7%) did not eat the recommended number of fruit and vegetables (5-a-day) than women (42.9%), more men were current smokers (19.1%) than women (14.9%), mixed ethnic groups had the highest prevalence of smoking, a lower prevalence of inactivity and excess weight, and a similar prevalence of eating less than recommended intake of fruits and vegetables, Asian ethnic groups had a higher prevalence of inactivity and of eating less than recommended intake of fruits and vegetables, but a lower prevalence of excess weight and smoking, Black ethnic groups had a higher prevalence of inactivity, excess weight and of eating less than recommended intake of fruits and vegetables, but a lower prevalence of smoking, White ethnic groups had a higher prevalence of smoking and excess weight, but a lower prevalence of inactivity and of consuming less than the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables, Chinese ethnic groups had a similar prevalence of inactivity and of eating less than recommended intake of fruits and vegetables, and a lower prevalence of excess weight and smoking, mortality rates under age 75 from heart disease and stroke were highest in the most deprived decile group of England and lowest in the least deprived decile group, in the 4 most deprived decile groups, mortality rates under age 75 from heart disease and stroke were higher than the England average, infant mortality rates were highest in people from the Pakistani group and lowest among people from the White Other group, for people from the Pakistani, Black African, Black Caribbean and ‘Not stated’ groups the infant mortality rate was higher than the England average, for people from the Pakistani group, infant mortality was twice as high as the England average, for people from the White Other and White British groups the infant mortality rate was lower than average, for people from Indian, Bangladeshi, and ‘All others’ groups, the infant mortality rate was similar to the average. 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